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- <text id=94TT0903>
- <title>
- Jul. 11, 1994: Economy:Dollar Daze
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Jul. 11, 1994 From Russia, With Venom
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ECONOMY, Page 22
- Dollar Daze
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Can Clinton do anything to stop its fall? Or will any attempt
- at a cure only make things worse?
- </p>
- <p>By George J. Church--Reported by Bernard Baumohl/New York, Edward W. Desmond/Tokyo,
- Suneel Ratan/Washington and Bruce van Voorst/Bonn
- </p>
- <p> The dive in the dollar had once been expected to dominate this
- week's summit meeting of the seven major industrial powers in
- Naples. But now Secretary of the Treasury Lloyd Bentsen insists
- there will be no "detailed discussion"--and perhaps wisely.
- What, after all, could Bill Clinton say? That he is not to blame
- for the battering of the buck, sees little he can do about it,
- and is not sure he should even try? A plausible argument could
- be made for all those propositions, but it would not calm the
- currency markets.
- </p>
- <p> Day after day the greenback has been hitting post-World War
- II lows against the Japanese yen. At one point last week the
- dollar would buy less than 98 yen, down about 2% since June
- 21 and 10% since February. The dollar has also fallen about
- 8% this year against the deutsche mark, to 1.59 DM last week.
- Those drops have contributed to a continuing erosion of stock
- and bond prices. The Dow Jones industrial average was 3647 Friday,
- down 8% from its Jan. 31 high, while the yield on 30-year U.S.
- Treasury bonds had risen to 7.6%, higher than when Clinton was
- inaugurated.
- </p>
- <p> How come, when the U.S. economy is expanding steadily with little
- inflation? Some conservatives grumble about an international
- investors' vote of no confidence in Clinton's leadership. But
- most analysts stress other causes. German financiers cite a
- worldwide demand for investment capital to finance renewed economic
- growth. The U.S., they say, is losing out because investments
- in other countries yield a return roughly equal to what American
- securities pay, with less risk of currency-exchange losses.
- So fear of a further decline in the dollar chokes off the very
- investments that could prevent it.
- </p>
- <p> More fundamentally, decades of U.S. trade deficits have sent
- hundreds of billions of dollars sloshing around the world, and
- the oversupply, like an oversupply of, say, wheat, drives down
- the price. In particular, the U.S. trade deficit with Japan
- creates a constant pressure against the dollar. Japanese companies
- regularly sell the dollars they earn trading with the U.S. for
- yen to pay off workers, stockholders and creditors in Japan.
- The pressure might be eased by a Tokyo government with the will
- and staying power to negotiate a trade deal that would reduce
- Japan's trade surplus with the U.S.--but the bizarre coalition
- government cobbled together last week hardly qualifies.
- </p>
- <p> Coordinated selling of yen and marks and buying of dollars by
- government central banks has twice failed to prop the dollar's
- price. The U.S. Federal Reserve might try raising interest rates
- again--possibly this week--to make American investments
- more attractive to foreigners. But most analysts doubt such
- a move would accomplish much unless it were synchronized with
- interest-rate cuts in Europe and Japan, which would not be easy
- to achieve. It could even be dangerous. The big worry about
- the dollar slide is that it will fan U.S. inflation by raising
- the price of imported goods and the American-made products that
- compete against them. But the U.S. imports more from Canada
- and Mexico than from Germany and Japan, and the American currency
- has actually risen against the Canadian dollar and the Mexican
- peso. A further rise in interest rates might hurt the U.S. economy,
- by making consumer purchases and business investments more costly
- to finance, much more than it would help by restraining import
- inflation.
- </p>
- <p> Doing nothing has its dangers too. The drop could feed on itself
- until it got totally out of hand. One helpful factor is that
- the dollar is considered to be undervalued: it will not buy
- as much as an equivalent number of marks or yen. In a rational
- world the dollar would rise until the purchasing power of the
- various currencies was equalized. But waiting for rationality
- in currency markets is like waiting for the really big earthquake
- to hit California: it could come tomorrow, or in the next decade,
- or not in our lifetime.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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